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Summary:
- Read the original study yourself.
- Don’t rely on titles and abstracts.
- Acquire the necessary background knowledge.
- Make sure that the paper is published in a legitimate journal.
- Check the authors for relevant expertise and conflicts of interest.
- See if the journal’s impact factor matches the paper’s claims.
- Make sure that the study was designed, conducted, and analyzed correctly.
- See if the paper is consistent with other studies.
- Make sure the paper follows the standard conventions of scientific writing.
- If all else fails, check Google for a refutation.
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